Your AI Agents Are Spoofable
Unless they're secured with A2SPA.
Spoof Without A2SPA
(it works)
Spoof With A2SPA
(it fails)
Common AI Agent Attack Vectors
Understanding these vulnerabilities is the first step to securing your agents.
Prompt Injection
Attackers insert malicious commands in inputs to bypass safeguards, e.g., extracting tool schemas or forwarding to unauthorized APIs. Occurs due to unsanitized inputs in MCP standards, enabling system compromise.
Memory Poisoning
False data injected into agent's memory leads to ongoing biased outputs across sessions. Results from poor context validation, allowing cumulative manipulations.
Tool Misuse
Deception causes agents to misuse tools, like scanning internal IPs via web readers or executing harmful code. Due to inadequate isolation from external interfaces.
Privilege Compromise or Escalation
Excessive privileges allow access to restricted data via BOLA flaws. Stems from missing RBAC in shared environments.
Resource Overload
Inputs trigger infinite loops or excessive API calls, causing DoS. Exploitable without rate limits or monitoring.
Intent Breaking and Goal Manipulation
Crafted prompts redirect agent's goals maliciously while seeming benign. Targets autonomous planning in multi-agent setups.
Identity Spoofing and Impersonation
Faked identities steal credentials or alter workflows. From weak auth in distributed agent systems.
Command Injection
Inputs embed commands for RCE on linked systems. Exploits unsanitized agent handling, akin to web vulns.
Supply Chain and Dependency Attacks
Tampering with third-party libs compromises agents. Risks from ecosystem interdependencies.
Agent Communication Poisoning
Altered inter-agent messages spread false info. Due to unsecured channels in multi-agent environments.
Replay Attacks
Old payloads resent to re-execute actions, e.g., repeating withdrawals. Occurs without nonce/timestamp checks. Leads to repeated malicious operations.
Version Drift & Model Mismatch
Mismatched agent versions exploited via outdated logic. Due to absent version integrity/compatibility verification. Causes silent vulnerable behavior.
Lack of Auditability / Non-Repudiation
No proof of action initiators in harmful events. From missing signed logs. Results in untraceable attacks and no accountability.
Malicious Agent Injection (Rogue Agent)
Impersonated agents join networks as insiders. Happens without identity/onboarding verification. Enables internal attacks.
WHO JUST GOT JACKED
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